Textile fibers used in woven fabrics are classified into natural fibers and chemical fibers.
Cotton, wool, silk, hemp, etc. are natural textile fibers.
Chemical fiber is a general term for fibers produced by chemical and physical processing using natural or synthetic polymer compounds as raw materials. Due to the different sources of the polymer compounds used, it can be divided into two major categories: man-made fibers and synthetic fibers. Generally, the polymer compound is made into a solution or a melt, and then extruded from the pores of the spinneret to become a fiber. The product can be continuous filaments, or unbroken strands and staple fibers cut to length.
Synthetic fibers are by-products in the petrochemical and coking industries. For example: polyester, nylon, acrylic, vinylon, polypropylene, chlorin, etc. are all synthetic fibers.
Polyethylene’s scientific name is polyethylene terephthalate fiber which is spun to form extremely fine fibers, referred to as polyester fiber, which has high strength, good elasticity, wear resistance, resistance to sunlight, acid resistance and alkali resistance. However, there are some disadvantages as raw materials for clothing, such as poor hygroscopicity and dyeability, and easy pilling. Therefore, polyester staple fiber is often blended with cotton, wool, hemp, viscose, etc., so that the fabric not only maintains the characteristics of polyester, such as firmness, wear resistance, crispness, and easy collection, but also has natural fiber moisture absorption, warmth, and low static electricity. Features.
The world’s chemical fiber production is growing at a much faster rate than natural fibers. Asia plays an important role in the world’s chemical fiber production, and China is Asia’s largest producer of chemical fiber.
The basic raw material for the production of synthetic fibers is derived from petroleum. The reforming unit of the refinery and the by-products of benzene, xylene and propylene produced by cracking ethylene into hydrocarbons are processed to produce raw materials for synthetic fibers (commonly referred to as monomers). The production of synthetic fiber is firstly made into a fiber-forming high polymer by polymerization. The polymerization principle, production process and equipment are similar to the production of synthetic resin and synthetic rubber. The difference is that the synthetic fiber is spun and then Processing can become a qualified textile fiber.