A: Chemical fiber is a by-product of petroleum
Petroleum use
Petroleum products can be divided into six categories: petroleum fuel, petroleum solvent and chemical raw materials, lubricants, paraffin, petroleum asphalt, petroleum coke and so on. Among them, the output of various fuels is the largest, accounting for about 90% of the total output; the variety of lubricants is the most, and the output is about 5%. Countries have developed product standards to suit the needs of production and use.
gasoline
It is the most consumed variety. The boiling point range of gasoline (also known as the distillation range) is 30 ~ 205 ° C, and the density is 0.70 ~ 0.78 g / cm 3 . Commercial gasoline is distinguished by the superiority and inferiority of the anti-knocking combustion performance when the oil is burned in the cylinder. The alkyl number is 70, 80, 90 or higher. No. Yu Da, performance Yu is good, gasoline is mainly used as fuel for cars, motorcycles, speedboats, helicopters, agricultural and forestry aircraft. Additives (such as the anti-explosive tetraethyl lead) are added to commercial gasoline to improve the use and storage properties. Due to environmental requirements, the content of aromatics and lead will be limited in the future.
Jet fuel
Mainly used for jet aircraft. The boiling point range is 60~280°C or 150~315°C (commonly known as aviation gasoline). In order to meet the needs of high-altitude low-temperature and high-speed flight, such oils require a large amount of heat, and solid crystals do not appear at -50C. Kerosene has a boiling point range of 180 ~ 310 °C. It is mainly used for lighting and life. The flame is required to be smooth and bright without black smoke. The current production is not large.
Diesel
The boiling point range is 180~370°C and 350~410°C. For petroleum and its processed products, it is customary to say that the boiling point or boiling point range is low, and vice versa. Therefore, the former is called light diesel oil, and the latter is called heavy diesel oil. Commodity diesel is graded according to freezing point, such as 10, -20, etc., indicating low use temperature. Diesel is widely used in large vehicles and ships. Since high-speed diesel engines (for automobiles) are more fuel efficient than gasoline engines, diesel demand is growing faster than gasoline, and some small cars are also switching to diesel. The quality requirements for diesel are good for combustion and fluidity. The burning performance is higher with the cetane number. The diesel cetane value of Daqing crude oil can reach 68. The light diesel oil for high-speed diesel engines has a cetane number of 42 to 55 and a low speed of 35 or less.
Fuel oil
Used as fuel for boilers, ships and industrial furnaces. Commercial fuel oils are distinguished by different grades by viscosity.
Petroleum solvent
Used in perfumes, greases, reagents, rubber processing, coatings industry solvents, or cleaning instruments, meters, mechanical parts.
lubricating oil
Lubricating oils produced from petroleum account for more than 95% of total lubricant production. In addition to lubricating properties, it also has the functions of cooling, sealing, anti-corrosion, insulation, cleaning and energy transfer. The largest output is internal combustion engine oil (40%), and the rest are gear oil, hydraulic oil, turbine oil, electrical insulating oil, and compressor oil, accounting for 40%. Commodity lubricants are classified into viscosity, high load, low speed mechanical high viscosity oil, otherwise low viscosity oil. The refinery produces a base oil made from various refining processes, plus a variety of additives, so it has a special function and a high added value.
grease
Commonly known as butter, it is a solid or semi-fluid made of a lubricant thickener, and is used for bearings and gear parts where lubricating oil is not suitable.
Paraffin oil
Including paraffin wax (10% of total consumption), ground wax, petroleum grease and so on. Paraffin wax is mainly used as packaging materials, cosmetic raw materials and wax products, and can also be used as a chemical raw material to produce fatty acids (soap raw materials).
asphalt
Mainly used for roads and buildings.
Petroleum coke
Used in metallurgy (steel, aluminum), chemical (calcium carbide) industries to make electrodes.